Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on bulbil germination and early seedling growth in Chinese yam under different air temperatures     

Nguyen Cong Thinh  Etsushi Kumagai  Hiroyuki Shimono 《Plant Production Science》2017,20(3):313-322

The present study investigated the effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO₂]) and air temperature on the germination of seed bulbils and the seedling vigour of two Chinese yam lines. Plants were grown under two [CO₂] levels, ambient and elevated (ambient + 200 μmol mol^?1), and two mean air temperature regimes, 22.2 °C (ambient + 1.4 °C) and 25.6 °C (ambient + 5.2 °C). Elevated [CO₂] did not affect bulbil germination under both air temperature regimes. During the early growth stage, the dry weight (DW) of leaves, vines, shoots, roots, belowground parts (roots + tubers) and whole plants were higher under elevated [CO₂] than ambient [CO₂] for both lines under the low- and high-temperature regimes. The values of vigour indexes (index I = germination % × seedling length and index II = germination % × seedling DW) were also higher under elevated [CO₂] than ambient [CO₂] for both lines. These results indicated that Chinese yam seedlings respond positively to elevated [CO₂] during the early growth stage. The above:belowground DW ratios were lower under elevated [CO₂] than ambient [CO₂] in seedlings with very small new tubers for both yam lines, indicating that elevated [CO₂] strongly affected the root growth in the early growth stage. The DWs of post-treatment seed bulbils were higher in the elevated [CO₂] under both air temperature regimes. The results showed that Chinese yam used a smaller amount of the reserves in seed bulbils under elevated [CO₂] than under ambient [CO₂].  相似文献   

The roles of light and pericarp on seed dormancy and germination in feral Raphanus sativus (Brassicaceae)     

R B Vercellino  C E Pandolfo  A Cerrota  M Cantamutto  A Presotto 《Weed Research》2019,59(5):396-406

The timing of seed germination may determine the success of a weed species in an agroecosystem, and its expression is modulated by environmental conditions, but also by seed physiology and anatomy. The aims of this study were to investigate the roles of light, pericarp, dry storage and cold stratification on seed dormancy and germination in feral radish, a troublesome agricultural weed in temperate zones of the Americas that reduces crop yields. To this end, we used isolated intact pods and extracted seeds to test germination over time under contrasting temperature, light and storage conditions. Here, we showed that fresh seeds were non‐dormant, but that light and the presence of the pericarp reduced germination, especially under low temperatures. The pericarp reduced the final water content absorbed by seeds inside pods and decreased absorption/dehydration rates. The pericarp showed several small lignified cell layers in the endocarp, and x‐ray images displayed the lack of space between the partially embedded seed and the endocarp. Dry storage and cold stratification were ineffective in breaking the dormancy imposed by the pericarp. The apparent requirement for darkness and the mechanical restriction of the pericarp may have the potential to induce dormancy, spreading the timing of seed germination over a more extended period and hindering the control of feral radish.  相似文献   

Leaf carbohydrates assimilation and metabolism affect seed yield of rapeseed with different waterlogging tolerance under the interactive effects of nitrogen and waterlogging     

Jie Kuai  Xiaoyong Li  Zhen Li  Yan Xie  Bo Wang  Guangsheng Zhou 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2020,206(6):823-836

Waterlogging is a main factor causing rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) yield loss, and reasonable nitrogen (N) applications can compensate for this loss. To investigate the effects of N rates on seed yield of waterlogged rapeseed, the waterlogging-tolerant rapeseed variety ZS 9 and sensitive variety GH01 were waterlogged for 0 and 10 days with five leaves at the seedling stage under four N rates (0, 90, 180 and 270 kg/ha). Waterlogging significantly decreased seed yield, while N application can alleviate the yield loss. The yield decrease rate of waterlogged GH01 was greater than that of ZS 9 under the same N rate. During the seedling and bolting stage, the leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activity increased, while activities of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), sucrose synthase (SuSy) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) decreased with more N under the same watering conditions. Compared to the plants without waterlogging, the leaf Pn and Rubisco activity, starch and sucrose contents of waterlogged rapeseed decreased at the two stages; activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS of waterlogged rapeseed decreased at the seedling while increased at the bolting stage for both the two varieties. At the flowering stage, the Pn, the activities of Rubisco, AGPase, SuSy, SPS and contents of sucrose, starch increased with more N application for both ZS 9 and GH01. Compared to the plants without waterlogging, the Pn and Rubisco activity for waterlogged plants of the two varieties increased; the waterlogged plants of tolerant variety had higher activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS, while those of sensitive variety was significantly lower. However, the decreased starch and sucrose content were found in both tolerant and sensitive varieties. The activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS at flowering were highly positively correlated with yield under the interactive effects of N and waterlogging. These results suggested that the flowering stage is the most important stage that N had the positive regulation on waterlogged rapeseed growth. The carbohydrates translocation from leaves to seeds of the tolerant variety were enhanced after waterlogging, while that of the sensitive variety was still inhibited. This was the main reason for the difference in yield between the two waterlogged varieties.  相似文献   

枣实蝇对枣果挥发物的选择行为          下载免费PDF全文

梁萌  阿不都瓦哈·艾再孜  阿地力·沙塔尔 《林业科学研究》2020,33(2):145-153

[目的]探究对枣实蝇有引诱作用的挥发性物质,研发基于行为调节的防治技术。[方法]采用Y型嗅觉仪测定了枣实蝇成虫对6种枣果挥发物的选择行为反应,并在室内试验的基础上进行田间引诱试验。[结果]室内试验结果显示,枣实蝇成虫对6种枣果挥发物具有显著正趋性。枣实蝇雌虫对棕榈酸乙酯、月桂酸乙酯、肉豆蔻酸的选择率较强,选择率均为30%以上;雄虫对亚油酸乙酯、油酸乙酯的选择率较强,选择率均为25%以上,从不同浓度梯度(原液、10%溶液、1%溶液)的选择率和选择系数来看,随浓度的递减,其选择率和选择系数也在递减,原液的选择率分别为10%溶液及1%溶液的2.5倍及5倍以上。田间试验发现:肉豆蔻酸对枣实蝇雌虫的诱集效果较强,2 d最多诱捕数量为15头·只^-1,平均诱捕数量为11.4头·只^-1,十四酸乙酯次之。在6种不同挥发物中油酸乙酯和亚油酸乙酯对枣实蝇雄虫的引诱效果较强。经单因素方差分析发现,在6种挥发性物质及混合物中,月桂酸乙酯及十四酸乙酯对枣实蝇雌雄虫的引诱效果之间存在显著性差异。其他挥发物之间无显著差异。[结论]枣果挥发物中棕榈酸乙酯、月桂酸乙酯、肉豆蔻酸与枣实蝇偏爱选择密切相关。在田间试验中:枣实蝇成虫对肉豆蔻酸的选择率较强,为研发枣实蝇引诱剂提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

活性炭在果胶提取液脱色中的应用研究     

刘少阳  卢培培 《农产品加工．学刊》2020,(5):1-3,7

采用活性炭对果胶浸提液进行脱色,分别对活性炭添加量、吸附时间、吸附温度开展单因素试验,不考虑交互作用,以吸附率和果胶得率为衡量指标。结果表明,在活性炭添加量1%,吸附时间20 min,吸附温度60℃条件下,果胶提取液脱色效果最佳。  相似文献   

异速对辊式玉米秸秆粉碎还田装置设计与试验   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘鹏  何进  李艳洁  李洪文  王庆杰  卢彩云  张振国  李绍华 《农业工程学报》2020,36(14):69-79

针对玉米秸秆量大、韧性强,导致还田后秸秆粉碎不均匀影响后续整地和播种等问题,该研究提出了一种异速对辊及动态双支撑形式的玉米秸秆粉碎还田方式,并研制了相应的玉米秸秆还田装置,主要由捡拾粉碎单元、对辊滑切支撑单元、支撑板和机壳等组成。在异速动态双支撑条件下,通过对作业过程中玉米秸秆动力学分析和秸秆漏捡面积分析,对捡拾粉碎刀和对辊滑切支撑刀进行设计,建立了影响秸秆粉碎合格率的数学模型。以捡拾粉碎刀转速、L型甩刀折弯角、L型甩刀刃口长度和滑切支撑刀滑切角为因素,秸秆粉碎合格率为试验指标进行Box-Behnken试验。田间试验结果表明:当滑切支撑刀滑切角45°、捡拾粉碎刀转速1 700 r/min、L型甩刀刃口长度45 mm和L型甩刀折弯角40°时,玉米秸秆粉碎合格率为92.58%,与预测值误差5%,满足国家标准要求。该研究提出的秸秆粉碎还田方式和研制的秸秆粉碎装置为玉米秸秆粉碎还田机设计和优化提供新的方案和技术支撑。  相似文献   

水稻均衡营养肥对杂交稻生长发育的影响及养分吸收特性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭志刚  韦杏花  沈补根 《中国稻米》2017,(5)

研究了水稻均衡营养肥对杂交稻生长发育的影响及养分吸收特性,以为精准施肥及秸秆还田养分循环利用提供必要的科学参数。结果表明,水稻均衡营养肥处理的株高、总粒数、实粒数、结实率、穗质量和产量均高于常规施肥处理,稻谷中的总钾、S~(6+)和Fe~(2+)含量均高于常规施肥处理,但总磷、Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)的含量低于常规施肥处理,总氮含量则基本相同;常规施肥处理的秸秆中总氮、总钾、Mg~(2+)和S~(6+)含量均高于水稻均衡营养肥处理,总磷、Ca~(2+)和Fe~(2+)含量基本相同。均衡营养肥处理氮、磷、钾利用率分别为67.8%、60.0%和95.5%,农民常规施肥处理分别为32.3%、86.0%和100%。可见,水稻均衡营养肥能均衡的为杂交稻生长提供必需的养分,大幅度提高肥料利用率。  相似文献   

我国农业机械的推广与对策研究     

徐杰 《现代农业研究》2020,(3):88-89

新时期下，由于我国宣传推广的力度不够、当地基层群众综合素养不高、机械使用不当等原 因并没有形成使用农业机械进行耕作的习惯，在我国西南部、东南部等丘陵地带，仍然采用牛拉车等 较为落后的耕作方式，从而导致农业机械化带来的提高种植效率，本文目重点就我国的农业机械推广 存在的问题进行概述，并提出相关对策。  相似文献   

四川冬春季参考作物蒸散量时空变化及其成因     

周丽  聂常乐  任钇潼  梁晶晶  徐华 《浙江农业学报》2020,32(4):559

为深入认识四川冬春季参考作物蒸散量(ET₀)的变化特征,利用1980—2016年四川35个气象站的逐日气象观测资料,采用泰森多边形、气候倾向率和克里金空间插值等方法对其冬春季ET₀的时空变化特征进行分析,并通过敏感性和贡献率分析了ET₀的变化成因。结果表明:ET₀的年代际变化呈先降后增的趋势,空间上呈明显的西南高东部低的分布特征,且高值区范围持续扩大,低值区范围波动缩小。ET₀的年际变化呈上升趋势,春季ET₀气候倾向率和空间差异明显大于冬季,且ET₀高值区与低值区空间分布受海拔高度影响明显。ET₀的同一日多年平均值自初冬至初春逐渐上升,1月22日—5月2日仅有8 d的ET₀值低于多年日平均值,具有明显连续的高值时段。ET₀对日照时数的变化最敏感,其次是对相对湿度与平均气温,对三者均呈高敏感性。平均气温的正贡献率是引起ET₀变化的主导因子,其次是相对湿度。研究时段内平均气温的升高对ET₀的正效应和相对湿度的降低对ET₀的负效应,超过了日照时数减少对ET₀的减少效应,导致四川地区冬春季ET₀呈上升趋势。  相似文献   

鸡流行性腹泻病原的分离鉴定及特性研究     

刁有祥  冯涛  崔治中  陈庆普  刘悦竹  吕桂霞  郑福英 《中国预防兽医学报》2003,25(5):353-359

用胰蛋白酶处理发病鸡的粪便和肠内容物，接种Marc145细胞，盲传数代后，从山东不同地区发生流行性腹泻的鸡群中分离到轮状病毒，并对分离的轮状病毒的生物学特性和理化特性进行了部分研究。结果表明病毒粒子的形态呈车轮状、大小为70-80nm；其病毒基因组的电泳图谱为5：1：3：2；病毒在Marc145细胞上传到第9代时的TCID50为10^-4.62／0．1mL；该分离株病毒对氯仿、乙醚有抵抗力；对pH3．0处理60min稳定；50℃ 30min能使其感染力下降10^2；1mol／L MgCl2不能增强其对50℃ 60min的抵抗力。动物回归试验中接种两周龄SPF鸡，24h后陆续发病，表现为持续性水样腹泻，与自然发病相同；剖检可见病鸡脱水、小肠内有大量的液体和气泡、肠粘膜变薄；组织学变化为肠绒毛上皮坏死、脱落，绒毛平均长度减少而隐窝深度增加，固有层中淋巴细胞浸润。其临床症状及病理组织学变化与自然发病相同。因此确定发生在山东鸡流行件腹泻的病原为轮状病毒．  相似文献